/* ==========================================================================
   Editorial civic: vuongnm.github.io
   Two surfaces (white, #F5F5F5), one accent (navy #0F2A6B, primary actions only),
   a high-contrast serif for headlines and a quiet sans for everything else.
   Plain CSS on purpose: GitHub Pages' old Sass converter never touches it.
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f5f5f5;
  --ink: #1d1d1f;          /* 16.8:1 on white, 15.4:1 on #F5F5F5 */
  --ink-2: #3a3a3f;        /* 11.3:1 / 10.4:1 */
  --muted: #5e5e63;        /* 6.45:1 / 5.91:1, AA for body text on both surfaces */
  --navy: #0f2a6b;         /* the only accent */
  --navy-deep: #0a1f52;
  --line: rgba(0, 0, 0, .08);
  --line-strong: rgba(0, 0, 0, .14);

  --serif: "Newsreader", "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Inter", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --mono: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

  --r-sm: 16px;
  --r-md: 24px;
  --r-lg: 32px;
  --r-xl: 40px;

  --shadow-soft: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .04), 0 18px 40px -22px rgba(15, 23, 42, .20);
  --shadow-card: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .04), 0 12px 28px -14px rgba(15, 23, 42, .14), 0 48px 96px -40px rgba(15, 23, 42, .30);
  --shadow-float: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, .06), 0 14px 34px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, .20), 0 36px 72px -28px rgba(15, 23, 42, .26);

  --gutter: clamp(16px, 4.5vw, 48px);
  --wide: 1240px;
  --read: 680px;
  --nav-h: 56px;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .8, .2, 1);
  color-scheme: light;
}

/* ---------- base ---------- */

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 24px);
}
html:has(dialog[open]) { overflow: hidden; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font: 400 17px/1.6 var(--sans);
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: clip;
}

img, svg, video, iframe { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
img { height: auto; }
a { color: inherit; }
button, input, textarea { font: inherit; color: inherit; }
button { cursor: pointer; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, p, figure, ol, ul { margin: 0; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-weight: 400; }
main:focus { outline: none; }

:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--navy); outline-offset: 3px; }

::selection { background: rgba(15, 42, 107, .14); }

.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px; height: 1px;
  margin: -1px; padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip {
  position: fixed;
  left: 16px; top: -80px;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: top .25s var(--ease);
}
.skip:focus { top: 12px; }

.sprite { position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden; }

.icon {
  width: 20px; height: 20px;
  flex: none;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.75;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.wrap { max-width: var(--wide); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gutter); }

/* ---------- nav ---------- */

.nav {
  position: sticky; top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav__inner {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px;
  max-width: var(--wide);
  height: var(--nav-h);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
}
.nav__brand {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font: 500 19px/1 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.nav__avatar { width: 28px; height: 28px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.nav__links { display: flex; gap: clamp(18px, 3vw, 34px); }
.nav__links a {
  padding: 8px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .2s;
}
.nav__links a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.nav__links a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------- text link ---------- */

.textlink {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .35em;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.textlink .icon { width: 1.05em; height: 1.05em; stroke-width: 2; transition: transform .35s var(--ease); }
.textlink:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: .28em; }
.textlink:hover .icon { transform: translateX(3px); }

/* ---------- home: the latest post leads ---------- */

.hero { padding-top: clamp(36px, 5vw, 64px); text-align: center; }
.hero__eyebrow { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); }
.hero__title {
  max-width: 13em;
  margin: 14px auto 0;
  font: 400 clamp(40px, 6.4vw, 80px)/1.02 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.hero__title a { text-decoration: none; }
.hero__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: .1em; }
.hero__link { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 17px; }

.stage {
  position: relative;
  /* tall enough to feel generous, short enough to sit under the headline on a laptop screen */
  height: clamp(400px, calc(100vh - 440px), 680px);
  height: clamp(400px, calc(100svh - 440px), 680px);
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 48px);
  border-radius: var(--r-xl);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #e8e8eb;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
  text-align: left;
}
.stage img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
/* a post's own charts, screenshots and memes show whole, on white */
.stage img.is-whole,
.feature__media img.is-whole { object-fit: contain; padding: 5%; background: #fff; }

/* ---------- the feed: every post in the feature format, newest first ---------- */

.feed { padding-top: clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px); }
.feed__head { padding-top: clamp(48px, 8vw, 104px); }
.feed__eyebrow { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); }
.feed__title {
  max-width: 14em;
  margin-top: 12px;
  font: 400 clamp(40px, 6vw, 76px)/1.02 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.05fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(32px, 5vw, 72px);
  padding: clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px) 0;
}
.feature__media {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 5 / 4;
  border-radius: var(--r-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #e8e8eb;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-card);
}
.feature__media img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 1.4s var(--ease);
}
.feature:hover .feature__media img { transform: scale(1.03); }
/* the headline is sized by its own column, so both lines always fit on one row each */
.feature__copy { container-type: inline-size; }
.feature__title {
  font: 400 clamp(34px, 3.6vw, 50px)/1.04 var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(34px, 10cqi, 60px);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
}
.feature__title .line { display: block; white-space: nowrap; }
.feature__title a { text-decoration: none; }
.feature__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: .12em; }
/* titles without a hand-set break wrap on their own, a size down when long */
.feature__title--long { font-size: clamp(30px, 2.8vw, 42px); font-size: clamp(30px, 7.2cqi, 46px); text-wrap: balance; }
.feature__date { margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.feature__placeholder {
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: #c7c7cc;
  font: 400 clamp(64px, 9vw, 120px)/1 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
}
.feature__text {
  max-width: 28em;
  margin-top: 20px;
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.5vw, 20px);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.feature__link { margin-top: 28px; font-size: 17px; }

/* ---------- pagination ---------- */

.pagination {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-top: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px);
}
.pagination__step {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color .2s, background-color .2s;
}
.pagination__step .icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; stroke-width: 2; }
.pagination__step:hover { border-color: var(--ink); }
.pagination__step.is-off { visibility: hidden; }
.pagination__pages { display: flex; gap: 4px; margin: 0 8px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.pagination__pages a,
.pagination__pages [aria-current] {
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  min-width: 44px; height: 44px;
  padding: 0 6px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color .2s;
}
.pagination__pages a:hover { background: var(--bg-alt); color: var(--ink); }
.pagination__pages [aria-current] { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; font-weight: 600; }
.pagination__count { width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }

/* ---------- lists: archive ---------- */

.rows { padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.row {
  display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.rows li:last-child .row { border-bottom: 0; }
.row__title { font: 400 clamp(20px, 2vw, 24px)/1.3 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.012em; }
.row:hover .row__title { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.row__date { flex: none; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }

.index { max-width: var(--wide); margin: 0 auto; padding: clamp(48px, 8vw, 104px) var(--gutter) 0; }
.index__title { max-width: 12em; font: 400 clamp(44px, 7vw, 88px)/1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.035em; text-wrap: balance; }
.index__sub { margin-top: 18px; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.7vw, 21px); color: var(--muted); }
.year {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(96px, 1fr) minmax(0, 3fr);
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 36px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.year:first-of-type { margin-top: clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px); }
.year__label {
  position: sticky; top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 24px);
  align-self: start;
  padding-top: 12px;
  font: 400 32px/1 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.year .row { padding: 14px 0; }

/* ---------- article ---------- */

.article {
  max-width: calc(var(--read) + 2 * var(--gutter));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(40px, 7vw, 88px) var(--gutter) 0;
}
.backlink {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.backlink .icon { width: 16px; height: 16px; transition: transform .3s var(--ease); }
.backlink:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.backlink:hover .icon { transform: translateX(-3px); }
.article__meta { margin-top: 36px; font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.article__title {
  margin-top: 12px;
  font: 400 clamp(40px, 6vw, 68px)/1.04 var(--serif);
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  text-wrap: balance;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.article--page .article__title { margin-top: 0; }
.article__dek {
  margin-top: 20px;
  font-size: clamp(19px, 2vw, 22px);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--muted);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.prose {
  margin-top: clamp(40px, 5vw, 56px);
  font-size: 18.5px;
  line-height: 1.72;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
.prose > * + * { margin-top: 1.2em; }
.prose h1, .prose h2, .prose h3, .prose h4 {
  margin-top: 1.9em;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.prose h1 { font-size: clamp(32px, 3.6vw, 40px); }
.prose h2 { font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 34px); }
.prose h3 { font-size: clamp(23px, 2.6vw, 27px); }
.prose h4 { font-size: 21px; }
.prose a {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: .2em;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(29, 29, 31, .38);
  transition: text-decoration-color .2s;
}
.prose a:hover { text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.prose strong { font-weight: 650; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-left: 1.3em; }
.prose li + li { margin-top: .4em; }
.prose img {
  margin: 1.6em auto;
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.prose center { display: block; }
.prose center em { display: block; margin-top: -.6em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--muted); }
.prose blockquote {
  margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0;
  padding-left: 24px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ink);
  font: italic 400 1.18em/1.5 var(--serif);
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.prose code { padding: .16em .42em; border-radius: 8px; background: var(--bg-alt); font: .86em/1 var(--mono); }
.prose pre {
  padding: 20px 24px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  font: 14.5px/1.65 var(--mono);
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.prose pre code { padding: 0; background: none; font: inherit; }
.prose .highlight { border-radius: 20px; background: var(--bg-alt); }
.prose .highlight .c, .prose .highlight .c1, .prose .highlight .cm, .prose .highlight .cs { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }
.prose .highlight .k, .prose .highlight .kd, .prose .highlight .kn, .prose .highlight .kc, .prose .highlight .kr, .prose .highlight .ow { font-weight: 650; }
.prose hr { height: 1px; margin: 3em 0; border: 0; background: var(--line-strong); }
.prose table { display: block; width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 16px; }
.prose th, .prose td { padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-align: left; }
.prose iframe { width: 100%; border: 0; border-radius: var(--r-sm); }

.pager {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 16px;
  margin-top: clamp(56px, 8vw, 96px);
}
.pager__card {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px;
  padding: 24px 26px;
  border-radius: var(--r-md);
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color .3s, box-shadow .3s var(--ease), transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.pager__card:hover { background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow-card); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.pager__card--next { grid-column: 2; text-align: right; }
.pager__label { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.pager__title { font: 400 22px/1.25 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.012em; }

/* ---------- footer ---------- */

.foot {
  margin-top: clamp(80px, 11vw, 144px);
  padding: clamp(48px, 7vw, 80px) 0 calc(clamp(40px, 5vw, 56px) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}
.foot__inner {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px;
  max-width: var(--wide);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
}
.foot__name { font: 400 28px/1.1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; }
.foot__tag { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); }
.foot__h { margin-bottom: 12px; font: 600 13px/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .02em; color: var(--muted); }
.foot__col a { display: block; width: fit-content; padding: 5px 0; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; }
.foot__col a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }
.foot__base {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px 24px;
  max-width: calc(var(--wide) - 2 * var(--gutter));
  margin: 48px auto 0;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
@media (max-width: 1240px) { .foot__base { margin-left: var(--gutter); margin-right: var(--gutter); } }
.foot__base a { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: .2em; }

/* ---------- reveal on scroll ---------- */

.js [data-reveal] { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(28px); transition: opacity .9s ease, transform 1.1s var(--ease); }
.js [data-reveal].is-in { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .feature { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .feature__title .line { display: inline; white-space: normal; }
  .feature__title { font-size: clamp(34px, 8vw, 48px); }
  .foot__inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .foot__brand { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .year { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .year__label { position: static; padding-top: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .stage { height: auto; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; max-height: 72vh; border-radius: var(--r-lg); }
  .nav__brand { font-size: 17px; }
  .nav__links { gap: 16px; }
  .pagination__pages { display: none; }
  .row { flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
  .pager { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pager__card--next { grid-column: auto; text-align: left; }
}

@media (max-width: 350px) {
  .nav__name { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: .01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: .01ms !important;
    transition-delay: 0s !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
  .js [data-reveal] { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .feature:hover .feature__media img { transform: none; }
}